Alzheimer's disease is an incurable degenerative condition that is most notably characterized by memory loss. However, several behavioral issues may become more noticeable and problematic as the disease progresses. In many situations, the individual exhibits behavior issues due to underlying frustration and fear over communication difficulties and the inability to recognize familiar people or surroundings. According to the Alzheimer's Association, this can produce delirium, panic and paranoia. While caregivers essentially try to redirect behaviors and calm the individual with words of encouragement or reassurance, there are cases that require medication, as the behaviors can diminish quality of life.
Risperdal/Risperidone
Risperdal, or risperidone, is an atypical antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of paranoia and related psychosis not otherwise specified in Alzheimer's patients. While medications of this nature have been linked to cardiac events and premature death in the elderly, the University of Maryland Medical Center suggests that some prescribing physicians are limited on options to curb potentially harmful behaviors in this population. The Global Action on Aging documents that, despite FDA warnings, these drugs are still being prescribed.
Seroquel/Quetiapine
Seroquel, or quetiapine, is an antidepressant drug used in the treatment of paranoia associated with Alzheimer's disease. As with antipsychotic medications of this nature, the University of Maryland Medical Center suggest research indicating that an increased risk of cardiac events and premature death in the elderly has been well documented. Prescribing physicians will issue this medication under close supervision and ask caregivers to document and report changes. Astra Zeneca, the drug manufacturer, suggests that weight gain is also a considerable factor on this drug and should be monitored accordingly.
Haldol/Haloperidol
Haldol, or haloperidol, is a traditional antipsychotic that is generally given as an injection for Alzheimer's patients that are "sun-downing", or paranoid and panicking to the point that sedation is required for their safety and the safety of those providing care. Rx List notes that the 2 to 5 mg injected dose does carry a significant warning against use with this population, as cardiac events, infection and premature deaths have been reported. However, it is generally administered in a long-term facility where prescribing physicians closely monitor the use of this drug.
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